Injury Characteristics among the Cricket Trainees of Bangladesh Krira

Introduction: Cricket is a popular, well-known, and most played common sport in Bangladesh which is dynamic, complex, and vulnerable to injuries. Objective: To find out the common sports injuries among the professional cricket playing students of Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protisthan (BKSP). Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study with 70 students from the cricket section of BKSP. Data has been collected with a semi-structured survey questionnaire from January to June 2019. Result: The results showed most of the participants are in their second decade of life and the highest percentage of participants age was 20 (27.1%), similarly height (cm) mean and standard deviation (167.43±5.157) and found the highest percentage of participant’s height 27 cm (38.5%). The weights of the respondents were 65.514 ± 7.539 kg and BMI of the respondent were 23.311 ± 2.048. Major playing site 82.9% (n=58) were batsman, 60% (n=42) were bowlers and 18.6% (n=13) were in wicketkeeper. The study found 55.7% (n=39) of the respondents had upper limb injury, 22.9% (n=16) had rotator cuff injuries, 10% (n=7) had tennis elbow, 10% (7) had acute soft tissue injuries, 10% (7) had an ankle sprain and 21.4% (15) had cuff muscle pull. Conclusion: The study found upper limb injuries are most common than lower limb injuries for the cricket trainees in Bangladesh. Moreover, the shoulder is one of the most vulnerable sites of injuries.


Background
Cricket in Bangladesh is a popular, thriving, throbbing, vibrant passion for Bangladeshi people [1]. Because of its popularity, millions of people following and playing Cricket all over the globe. Nowadays, Elite sports players train themselves harder, longer, and make them keep fit, whatever the consequences; they want to cope up [2]. For this instance, the three major areas in cricket like Batting, Bowling, and fielding are not free from the risk of injury [3]. Novice and young players tend to be a major risk of injury [4]. Bowling has a relationship with the major cause of cricket injuries sustaining with back injuries of the schoolboy about 38% and 47.4% [2]. In Bangladesh research is scarce in findings of cricket, however, a survey is conducted with 10 different sports areas among 391 students of BKSP where found the percentage of injury is more at cricket, football, and hockey. The common injury they suffer from a groin strain, neck pain, shin splint, Osgood-Schlatter's disease, patellofemoral joint disorder [5]. An evident show during the final event most common injuries occur as Hamstring strain as load and challenge are increased in this stage [6]. Hamstring injuries are the most widely recognized single sort of injury speaking to 12-37% of all things considered [7]. During matches, the greater part of injury happens in muscle wounds (53%) and 47% during preparation. There are ninety-two percent of all muscle injuries influenced the 4 significant muscle gatherings of the lower limbs -hamstrings (37%), adductors (23%), quadriceps (19%), and lower leg muscles (13%) and Sixteen percent of the muscle injuries were re-injuries [6]. The anatomical sites of injuries in cricket have been accounted for in various investigations. Injuries to the lower limbs shifted from 22.8% to 50.0% [8]. Upper limb injuries represented 19.8-34.1% of total injuries, with the fingers, saw as the most vulnerable site. Back and trunk wounds represented about 18% and 33.3% separately of the wounds. The occurrence of injury to the head, neck, and face shifted from 5.4% to 25% [9,10]. These injuries comprised principally of concussions, contusions, and lacerations. This article aims to explore the common sports injuries for young cricket trainees; which will be helpful for Bangladeshi cricketer and coaches for future direction.

Methodology
This is a cross-sectional survey conducted at Bangladesh Krira Shikkha Protishtan (BKSP) from January to June 2019. The data were obtained by face to face interview. The inclusion criteria were cricket trainees at BKSP, the age range was: 13-25 years old, and who are willing to participate in the study. A pre-tested modified semistructured questionnaire has been used which were prepared based on objectives and different variables of this study.

Statistical Analysis
The collected data were evaluated by descriptive analysis and some quantitative data were analyzed by using the software SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago). Then analyzed data were presented according to the variables of the study showing the percentage relationship between variables by appropriate statistical method. Descriptive statistics have been used to analyze and present the data.

Discussion
Cricket is a popular game in Bangladesh and many teenagers train themselves to be a cricketer. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the common sports injuries among the BKSP students at Zirani in Savar with a sample size of 70. The study found that the mean age of the respondents was 17 ± 2.063 years with a range from 13 to 21 years. The result shows highest age was 20 (27.1%), height (cm) was 146-150 cm (38.5%), and weight was 41-45 kg (30%) and BMI shows 78.6% of the respondents were healthy (18.5-24.99), 18.6% were overweight (≥30) and 2.8% were underweight (<18.5) respectively. The mean BMI of the respondent were 23.311±2.048. A similar study found where height age range among young players 19-24 years (45.2%) and BMI of healthy weight 18.5-24.9 (52.9%) [11].
The study reveals that 91.4% of the respondents had injuries experience and 8.6% were not. These findings are similar to the study carried out previously [2]. It is revealed from the study that, 55.7% of the respondents had Upper limb injury, 50% Lower Limb, 18.6% Head & Neck, 7.1% Thorax, 7.1% Epistaxis, 7.1% Sports Concussion respectively. This finding is similar to the study carried out by several studies [12][13][14]. The study shows that 92.9% of the respondents had Skin laceration, 7.1% Sports concussion, 7.1 % & 1.4% Neck pain respectively. This finding is similar to the study carried out by a study [10].
The study found that 22.9% of the respondents had Rotator cuff injuries, 5.7% shoulder instability, and 4.3 % shoulder dislocation. These findings are similar to the study carried out by two studies [15][16]. It is revealed from the study that 10% of the respondents had Tennis elbow and 5.7% Golfers elbow. These findings are not similar or dissimilar with such literature reviews of this study. The study further shows that 10% of the respondents were Acute Soft Tissue injuries, 5.7% were Dislocation of hand joints and 1.4% was a fracture of phalanges respectively. These findings are dissimilar with the study carried out [17].
The study found that 5.7% of the respondents were menisci injuries, 4.3% were ACL tears and 1.4% were acute soft tissue injury respectively. A similar study was found in 2000 and 2010 [13,18] This study reveals that among the respondents, 10%, 5.7%, 1.4%, 1.4% were Ankle sprain, Corns and calluses, Deltoid ligament injury, Plantar fasciitis respectively. A similar study was found in a study [18]. The study shows that 21.4% of the respondents were Cuff muscle pull, 17.1% Hamstring pull, 8.6% back muscle strain, 1.4% Neck muscle strain respectively. These findings are similar to the study finding carried out by frost and Chalmers study [19].
There might be several limitations in this study. First of all, the result of the study cannot be generalized to the whole population of cricket players of Bangladesh as the samples were collected only from BKSP, Zirani, Savar. This study has attempted to provide a few data, which are very little to represent the wider population of a cricket player in Bangladesh.

Conclusion
Injury recurrences create a burden to the future cricketers who are developing their skills in age-levels. The study explored various sites that are prone to injuries which will be helpful in the prevention and treatment of the injuries of trainee cricketers. Minimizing the injuries may improve their fitness and skills that may be reflected through their performances in the future.
Ethical Permission: Formal ethical permission was taken from BKSP. From the beginning of this research, the Helsinki guideline was followed.